Optimization, particularly constrained optimization problems (COPs), is fundamental in engineering, influencing various sectors with its critical role in enhancing design efficiency, reducing experimental costs, and shortening testing cycles.This study explores the challenges inherent in COPs, with a focus on developing efficient solution methodolo
Abstract Introduction Suppurative otitis media is still the most common ear disease in developing countries.Otogenic complications of this disease have decreased considerably because of the advent of antibiotics, and few rare complications have been encountered.Objective To report a case of a patient with scapular abscess and lumber cellulitis that
Abstract This paper informs users of data collected in international large-scale assessments (ILSA), by presenting argumentsunderlining the importance of considering two design features employed in these studies.We examine a commonmisconception stating that the uncertainty arising from the assessment design is negligible compared with that arisingf
Chicken litter or chicken litter-based organic fertilizers are usually recycled into the soil to improve the structure and fertility of agricultural land.As an important source of nutrients for crop production, chicken litter may also contain a variety of human pathogens that can threaten humans who consume the contaminated food or water.Composting